Toward a Science of Consciousness

The First Tucson Discussions and Debates

Edited by Stuart R. Hameroff, Alfred W. Kaszniak and Alwyn C. Scott

Overview

Scientists and philosophers are focusing more intensely than ever on the nature of our human experience, resulting in a newly coalescing field of Consciousness Studies that has become a worldwide and highly interdisciplinary phenomenon.

Toward a Science of Consciousness marks the first major gathering—a landmark event—devoted entirely to unlocking the mysteries of consciousness. It explores the whole spectrum of approaches from philosophy of mind and dream research, to neuropsychology, pharmacology, and molecular dynamics, to neural networks, phenomenological accounts, and even the physics of reality. The aim is to lay a sound scientific foundation for future research while also reaching consensus on many scattered areas of inquiry.

Following an overview, fifty-five chapters are divided into ten sections: philosophy, cognitive science, medicine/pathology, neurology, neural networks, subneural biology, quantum theory, non-locality in space and time, hierarchical organization, and phenomenology.

In addition to the editors, who are, respectively, an anesthesiologist, a psychologist, and an applied mathematician, contributors include such luminaries as David Chalmers, Michael Conrad, Avshalom Elitzur, Owen Flanagan, David Galin, John Kihlstrom, Christof Koch, Benjamin Libet, Roger Penrose, Karl Pribram, Gary Schwartz, Petra Stoerig, John Taylor, Andrew Weil, Fred Wolf, and many others.

Preface
PDF (429.7 KB)
I. Philosophy of Mind
PDF (309 KB)
1. Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness
David J. Chalmers
PDF (2.1 MB)
2. Consciousness and the Introspective Link Principle
Güven Güzeldere
PDF (987.3 KB)
3. The Place of Qualia in the World of Science
Leopold Stubenberg
PDF (813.7 KB)
4. The Binding Problem and Neurobiological Oscillations
Valeri Gray Hardcastle
PDF (1.4 MB)
5. Deconstructing Dreams: The Spandrels of Sleep
Owen Flanagan
PDF (2.1 MB)
II. Cognitive Science
PDF (321.6 KB)
6. Unconscious Processes in Social Interaction
John F. Kihlstrom
PDF (1 MB)
7. Efference and the Extension of Consciousness
Thaddeus M. Cowan
PDF (635.3 KB)
8. Edelman's Biological Theory of Consciousness
John J. Boitano
PDF (659.9 KB)
9. The Structure of Subjective Experience: Sharpen the Concepts and Terminology
David Galin
PDF (1.7 MB)
10. The Varieties of Conscious Experience: Biological Roots and Social Usages
Karl H. Pribram
PDF (2.1 MB)
III. Medicine
PDF (263.8 KB)
11. Induction of Consciousness in the Ischemic Brain
James E. Whinnery
PDF (1.8 MB)
12. Conflicting Communicative Behaviour in a Split-Brain Patient: Support for Dual Consciousness
Victor Mark
PDF (779.1 KB)
13. Left Brain Says Yes, Right Brain Says No: Normative Duality in the Split Brain
Marco Iacoboni, Jan Rayman and Eran Zaidel
PDF (416.9 KB)
14. Inkblot Testing of Commissurotomy Subjects: Contrasting Modes of Organizing Reality
Polly Henninger
PDF (1.7 MB)
15. Evidence for Language Comprehension in a Severe "Sensory Aphasic"
Britt Anderson and Thomas Head
PDF (265.9 KB)
16. Self-Awareness of Deficit in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Alfred W. Kaszniak and Gina DiTraglia Christensom
PDF (1.4 MB)
IV. Experimental Neuroscience
PDF (360.2 KB)
17. Toward the Neuronal Substrate of Visual Consciousness
Christof Koch
PDF (969.7 KB)
18. Visual Perception and Phenomenal Consciousness
Petra Stoerig and Alan Covey
PDF (1.5 MB)
19. Levels of Awareness and "Awareness Without Awareness": From Data to Theory
Gary E. Scwhartz
PDF (1.3 MB)
20. Implicit Memory During Anesthesia
Randall C. Cork
PDF (630.7 KB)
21. Experimental Evidence for a Synchronization of Sensory Information to Conscious Experience
Mikael Bergenheim, Håkan Johansson, Brittmarie Granlund and Jonas Pedersen
PDF (771.9 KB)
22. Positron Emission Tomography, Emotion, and Consciousness
Eric M. Reiman, Richard D. Lane, Geoffrey L. Ahern, Gary E. Schwartz and Richard J. Davidson
PDF (1 MB)
23. Dimensional Complexty of Human EEG and Level of Consciousness
Richard C. Watt
PDF (706.9 KB)
24. Collapse of a Quantum Field May Affect Brain Function
C. M. H.Nunn, C. J. S. Clarke and B. H. Blott.
PDF (529.9 KB)
25. Neural Time Factors in Conscious and Unconscious Mental Functions
Benjamin Libet
PDF (946.6 KB)
V. Neural Networks
PDF (263.9 KB)
26. Modeling What It Is Like To Be
John Taylor
PDF (2.1 MB)
27. Artificial "Attention" in an Oscillatory Neural Network
Tokiko Yamanoue
PDF (469.4 KB)
28. The Emergence of Memory: Categorization Far From Equilibrium
Andrew Wuensche
PDF (1 MB)
VI. Subneural Biology
PDF (272.8 KB)
29. Water Clusters: Pixels of Life
John G. Watterson.
PDF (805.8 KB)
30. Microtubular Self-Organization and Information Processing Capabilities
J. A. Tuszyński, B. Trpisová, D. Sept and M. V. Satarić
PDF (838.7 KB)
31. Quantum Computation in the Neural Membrane: Implications for the Evolution of Consciousness
Ron Wallace
PDF (537.8 KB)
32. Computer Simulation of Anesthetic Binding in Protein Hydrophobic Pockets
Dyan Louria and Stuart R. Hemeroff
PDF (1 MB)
VII. Quantum Theory
PDF (394.5 KB)
33. Consciousness and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Danah Zohar
PDF (985.8 KB)
34. On the Quantum Mechanics of Dreams and the Emergence of Self-Awareness
Fred Alan Wolf
PDF (1.5 MB)
35. Percolation and Collapse of Quantum Parallelism: A Model of Qualia and Choice
Michael Conrad
PDF (2.2 MB)
36. Subcellular Quantum Optical Coherence: Implications for Consciousness
Mari Jibu, Scott Hagan and Kunio Yasue
PDF (1 MB)
37. Orchestrated Reduction of Quantum Coherence in Brain Microtubules: A Model for Consciousness
Stuart R. Hameroff and Roger Penrose
PDF (3.1 MB)
VIII. Nonlocal Space and Time
PDF (257.4 KB)
38. Time and Consciousness: The Uneasy Bearing of Relativity Theory on the Mind-Body Problem
Avshalom C. Elitzur
PDF (724.9 KB)
39. New Insights from Quantum Theory on Time, Consciousness, and Reality
Jeff Tollaksen
PDF (1.3 MB)
40. Consciousness: A New Computational Paradigm
Douglas J. Matzke
PDF (849.3 KB)
41. A Mathematical Strategy for a Theory of Consciousness
Saul-Paul Sirag
PDF (775 KB)
42. Nonlocality on a Human Scale: Psi and Consciousness Research
Mario Varvoglis
PDF (663.5 KB)
43. Synchronicity and Emergent Nonlocal Information in Quantum Systems
E. M. Insinna
PDF (1 MB)
IX. Hierarchical Organization
PDF (250.8 KB)
44. Self-Referent Mechanisms as the Neuronal Basis of Consciousness
Erich Harth
PDF (2.1 MB)
45. A Framework for Higher-Order Cognition and Consciousness
Nils. A. Baas
PDF (1.1 MB)
46. Bioenergetic Foundations of Consciousness
B. Raymond Fink
PDF (782.4 KB)
47. The Hierarchical Emergence of Consciousness
Alwyn C. Scott
PDF (1 MB)
X. Phenomenology
PDF (264.1 KB)
48. Pharmacology of Consciousness: A Narrative of Subjective Experience
Andrew Weil
PDF (1.3 MB)
49. What Can Music Tell Us About the Nature of the Mind? A Platonic Model
Brian D. Josephson and Tethys Carpenter
PDF (432.2 KB)
50. Intention, Self, and Spiritual Experience: A Functional Model of Consciousness
Arthur J. Deikman
PDF (992.5 KB)
51. Enhanced Vigilance in Guided Meditation: Implications of Altered Consciousness
Richard P. Atkinson and Heath Earl
PDF (550 KB)
52. The Stream Revisited: A Process Model of Phenomenological Consciousness
José-Luis Díaz
PDF (901.4 KB)
XI. Overview
PDF (271.8 KB)
53. Three Kinds of Thinking
I. N. Marshall
PDF (895.3 KB)
54. The Possibility of Empirical Test of Hypotheses about Consciousness
Jean E. Burns
PDF (397.5 KB)
55. Toward a Science of Consciousness: Addressing Two Central Questions
Willis W. Harman
PDF (785.8 KB)
Postscript
PDF (118.7 KB)
Contributors
PDF (321.5 KB)
Index
PDF (2.1 MB)

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